10th Social Science Unit 1 Solution Guide - Outbreak Of World War I And Its Aftermath

I. Choose the Correct Answer:

1. What were the three major empires shattered by the end of First World War?

a) Germany, Austria Hungary, and the Ottomans

b) Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia

c) Spain, Portugal and Italy

d) Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

Ans: a) Germany, Austria Hungary and the Ottomans

2. Which country emerged as the strongest in East Asia towards the close of nineteenth century?

a) China 

b) Japan

c) Korea 

d) Mongolia 

Ans: b) Japan

3. Who said “imperialism is the highest stage of capitalism”?

a) Lenin 

b) Marx

c) Sun Yat-sen 

d) Mao Tsetung 

Ans: a) Lenin

4. What is the Battle of Marne remembered for?

a) air warfare 

b) trench warfare

c) submarine warfare 

d) ship warfare 

Ans: b) Trench warfare

5. To which country did the first Secretary General of League of Nations belong?

a) Britain 

b) France

c) Dutch 

d) USA 

Ans: a) Britain

6. Which country was expelled from the League of Nations for attacking Finland?

a) Germany 

b) Russia

c) Italy 

d) France 

Ans: b) Russia.

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. Japan forced a war on China in the year ________

Ans: 1894

2. The new state of Albania was created according to the Treaty of ________ signed in May 1913. 

Ans: London

3. Japan entered into an alliance with England in the year ________ . 

Ans: 1902

4. In the Balkans ________ had mixed population. 

Ans: Macidonia

5. In the battle of Tannenberg ________ suffered heavy losses. 

Ans: Russia

6. ________ as Prime Minister represented France in Paris Peace Conference.

Ans: Clemenceau

7. Locarno Treaty was signed in the year ________. 

Ans: 1925

III. Choose the Correct Statement

1. i) The Turkish Empire contained many non-Turkish people in the Balkans. (T)

ii) Turkey fought on the side of the central powers. (T)

iii) Britain attacked Turkey and captured Constantinople. (F)

iv) Turkey’s attempt to attack Suez Canal but were repulsed. (T)

a) i) and ii) are correct 

b) i) and iii) are correct

c) iv) is correct 

d) i), ii) and iv) are correct

Ans: d) i), ii) and iv) are correct

2. Assertion : Germany and the United States were producing cheaper manufactured goods and capturing England’s markets.

Reason : Both the countries produced required raw material for their industries.

a) Both A and R are correct 

b) A is right but R is not the correct reason

c) Both A and R are wrong 

d) R is right but A is wrong.

Ans: a) Both A and R are correct

3. Assertion : The first European attempts to carve out colonies in Africa resulted in bloody battles.

Reason : There was stiff resistance from the native population.

a) Both A and R are correct 

b) A is right but R is not the correct reason

c) Both A and R are wrong 

d) R is right but A is wrong.

Ans: a) Both A and R are correct.

IV. Match the following:

1. Treaty of Brest- Litovsk – a) Versailles

2. Jingoism – b) Turkey

3. Kemal Pasha – c) Russia with Germany

4. Emden – d) England

5. Hall of Mirrors – e) Madras

Ans: 1. c, 2. d, 3. b, 4. e, 5. a

V. Answer briefly:

1. How do you assess the importance of Sino-Japanese War?

During the period of Meiji Era (1867 to 1912), Japan became a great industrial nation as well as an imperialistic power. In 1894, Japan forced a war on China. The crushing defeat of China by Japan surprised the world. After the war, Japan annexed the Liaotung peninsula with Port Arthur. By this action, Japan had proved that it was the strongest nation of the East Asia.

2. Name the countries in the Triple Entente.

The countries of the Triple Entente are –

• England,
• France and
• Russia.

3. What were the three militant forms of nationalism in Europe?

The three militant forms of nationalism were-

• England’s jingoism,
• France’s chauvinism and
• Germany’s Kultur

4. What do you know of trench warfare?

• Trenches or ditches dug by troops and helped the soldiers to stand safely and protect themselves from enemy fire.
• The main lines of trenches were connected to each other and to the rear by series of linking trenches.
• Through the linking trenches, food, ammunition, fresh troops, mail and orders were delivered.

5. What was the role of Mustafa Kemal Pasha?

• The British attacked Turkey in the First World War and tried to capture Constantinople.
• But the Turks put up a brave fight and Mustafa Kemal Pasha played a great role in resisting the British forces.
• After the war, he played a remarkable role to win freedom for the country.
• He put an end to the Sultanate and the Caliphate.
• He not only modernised the country but also changed it out of all recognition.

6. List out any two causes for the failure of the League of Nations.

• The League appeared to be an organisation of those who were victorious in the First World War.
• Italy, Germany and Japan were headed by the dictators after the First World War. They refused to be bound by the orders of the League.
• It was the brainchild of Wilson American President who could not even convince his country to join the League.
• 
  

VI. Answer the following in detail:

1. Discuss the main causes of the First World War.

 The First World War is a turning point in the world history. The war started in the

year 1914 and ended in 1918 with the defeat of Central powers. The main causes of the war were-

European Alliances:

• Europe was divided into two armed camps such as Central powers and Allies.
• Central powers namely Austria-Hungary, Germany and Italy formed the Triple Alliance in 1882.
• So, Triple Entente was formed between England, France and Russia in 1907.
• The issues between the two groups led to the world war. Violent forms of Nationalism:
• The attitude of ‘my country right or wrong, I support it’ developed with the growth of nationalism.
• The love for one country demanded hatred for another country.
• England’s jingoism, France’s chauvinism and Germany’s kultur were the military forms of nationalism.
• This type of military nationalism led the countries to the war. Aggressive attitude of Germany:
• The Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany was ruthlessly assertive and aggressive.
• Germany’s aggressive diplomacy made Britain to embark on a naval race.
• France and Germany were the old rivals. Bitter memories of the defeat in 1871 rankled in the minds of the French.
• German interference in the affairs of Morocco added to the bitterness.

  The Balkan Issue:

• Balkans is a region in South-eastern Europe between the Mediterranean and the Black Sea.
• The Balkan countries are Greece, Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro, Albania and Macedonia.
• The political and economic instability of the Turkish Empire in the second half of 18th century made the countries to secede from its control.
• There were rivalries among Balkan countries for the control of Macedonia.
• Regarding this issue, the First Balkan War was fought. It led to the Second Balkan War in 1913.
• This was one of the most important cause of the First World War. Immediate cause:
• Franz Ferdinand, the Austrian crown prince/heir was assassinated on 28th June 1914 by Princip, a Bosnian serb at Sarajevo in Bosnia.
• Austria saw in this an opportunity to eliminate Serbia as an independent state.
• Based on a rumor that Russia was sending forces to support Serbia, Germany declared war on Russia on 1st August 1914.
• So, one after another, all the European countries entered the War. 

2. Highlight the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles relating to Germany.

•  After the war, peace conference was held at Paris in Jan. 1919. All the countries attended the conference and separate treaties were signed with the defeated countries.
• On 28th June 1919, the peace treaty – Treaty of Versailles was signed with Germany in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles. The important provisions of the treaty were-
• Germany was found guilty of starting the war. Therefore, she was forced to pay the reparations for the losses suffered.
• The German army was to be limited to 100,000 men. A small navy was allowed.
• The union of Austria and Germany was forbidden.
• Germany was forced to give up all her rights over her overseas possession to the Allies. All German colonies became mandated territories under the League of Nations.
• Germany was forced to revoke the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (with Russia) and Bucharest (with Bulgaria).
• The Coal mines in the Saar Valley and Alsace-Lorraine were given to France. The former Russian territories of Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were to be independent.
• Northern Schleswig was given to Denmark and the small districts to Belgium.
• Poland was recreated.
• The Rhineland was to be occupied by the Allies. The area on the East bank of the Rhine was to be demilitarized.

3. Explain the course of the Russian Revolution under the leadership of Lenin.

•  The defeat of Russia in the First World War and economic crisis led the Russians to start a protest against the Tsar Nicholas II. The emperor was unable to solve the problems and control the people. So, he abdicated the throne on March 15, 1917.

Provincial Government:

• There were two parallel bodies to take on government functions.
• One was the politicians of old state Duma, comprising propertied classes.
• Another one was a group of workers’ delegates drawn together in a workers’ council or Soviet.
• Those in the Duma were able to form a provincial government with the consent of the Soviets. 

Failure of provincial government:

• The provincial government it postponed a decision on the demand for the redistribution of land and it decided to continue the First World War.
• This intensified the rising Petrograd. The Bolsheviks led the protest.
• The government arrested all Bolsheviks except Lenin who was hiding in Finland.
• Trotsky who led the Mensheviks was arrested.
• Kerensky became the Prime Minister and attempted to crush the protest. He failed in that attempt.

Lenin’s leadership:

• In Oct. 1917, Lenin persuaded the Bolshevik Central Committee to decide on immediate revolution.
• On Nov. 7, 1917, the key government buildings were seized by armed factory workers and revolutionary troops.
• On the next day, new Communist Government was in office in Russia under Lenin.
• The Bolshevik Party was renamed the Russian Communist Party.

4. Estimate the work done by the League of Nations.

•  The League of Nations was formed to maintain peace in the world after the First World War. It was formed in the year 1920 and settled a number of disputes between 1920 and 1925. Unfortunately, the League of Nations finally dissolved in 1946.

Achievements of the League:

• In 1920, a dispute arose between Sweden and Finland over the sovereignty of the Aaland Islands. These islands are situated between Finland’s west coast and Sweden’s east coast. The League ruled that the islands should go to Finland.
• In the following year, the League was asked to settle the frontier between Poland and Germany in Upper Silesia. It was successfully resolved by the League.
• The third dispute was between Greece and Bulgaria in 1925. Greece invaded Bulgaria, and the League ordered a ceasefire. After investigation it blamed Greece and decided that Greece was to pay reparations.
• The League was successful in signing of the Locarno Treaty in 1925. By this treaty,
• Germany, France, Belgium, Great Britain, and Italy mutually guaranteed peace in Western Europe.
• Thereafter, Germany joined the League and was given a permanent seat on the
• Council.